Common misconceptions of Net Zero

Written by: Energy Guardians

Last Updated: May 9, 2025 

In recent years, “Net Zero” has emerged as a central theme in conversations about climate action and environmental responsibility. From government policies to corporate pledges, the term is now widely used across sectors, but its meaning is not always clearly understood. Despite its growing prominence, net zero is often surrounded by confusion, oversimplification, and several persistent myths.

This article aims to demystify the concept of net zero by unpacking what it truly means, why it matters, and how organisations of all sizes can play a role in achieving it. By addressing common misconceptions, we can better understand the challenges and opportunities involved, and move closer to a more sustainable, climate-resilient future.

Misconception 1: Net Zero means Zero emissions

A common misconception is that achieving net zero requires the complete elimination of all emissions. In the UK, however, “net zero” has a specific legal definition set out in the Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment) Order 2019. It entails reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 100% from 1990 levels by the year 2050.

In practice, net zero means balancing the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere with those removed from it. This involves significantly cutting emissions at their source and using offsetting strategies only for residual emissions; those that are unavoidable. These residual emissions are expected to represent no more than 10% of total emissions.

Ultimately, pursuing net zero is about achieving this balance while advancing toward a more sustainable future.

Misconception 2: Net zero only addresses Carbon

Although carbon dioxide is the most prominent greenhouse gas driving global warming, the concept of net zero encompasses a broader spectrum of gases, including methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). These gases differ in origin and global warming potential, yet all contribute to climate change and must be addressed to ensure climate stability.

Reaching net zero requires tackling emissions across key sectors. In agriculture, methane is largely emitted by livestock; in industry, manufacturing processes release nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases; in transportation, carbon dioxide arises primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; and in energy production, emissions stem from burning coal, oil, and natural gas.

Mitigation strategies include reducing dependence on fossil fuels, improving efficiency in industrial and agricultural operations, expanding the use of renewable energy, and deploying carbon capture technologies to manage unavoidable residual emissions.

Each sector contributes significantly to the UK’s overall greenhouse gas emissions profile, making sector-specific, targeted approaches essential for effective climate action.

Misconception 3: Net zero is expensive

There is a widespread perception that reaching net zero is too costly. However, the financial and societal toll of inaction, manifested through escalating climate events, supply chain disruptions, and long-term environmental damage, far outweighs the investment required to act now. Transitioning to more sustainable operations is not just a necessary response to climate risk, but a strategic opportunity for future-proofing businesses.

Embracing renewable energy, boosting energy efficiency, and deploying low-carbon technologies can help organisations build resilience, drive innovation, and maintain a competitive edge. Importantly, various grants, incentives, and funding schemes are available to ease the financial burden of this transition.

Guidance from initiatives like the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) also plays a crucial role. By adopting TCFD-aligned reporting, organisations can enhance transparency, better manage climate-related risks, and strengthen investor confidence; all while staying ahead of potential regulatory changes.

Ultimately, moving toward net zero is not just good ethics, it is sound business strategy for a low-carbon future.

Misconception 4: Net zero is only for large Organisations

Net zero is not a target reserved for large corporations alone; small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have a vital part to play in achieving this global objective. Through practical steps like adopting energy-efficient practices and prioritising sustainable products and services, smaller businesses can make a significant impact.

These individual efforts also extend beyond the organisation itself. Supply chains, which can account for up to 90% of a company’s total carbon footprint, are heavily influenced by the practices of their partners. As a result, SMEs are instrumental in supporting larger organisations in meeting their net zero commitments.

By implementing carbon reduction strategies, smaller businesses not only demonstrate environmental responsibility but also strengthen their position within supply networks that are increasingly prioritising sustainability.

Reaching net zero requires collaboration across all sectors. Even modest contributions, when widely adopted, can drive powerful, system-wide change.

Misconception 5: Net Zero is far away

Net zero is often viewed as a long-term aspiration, but the reality is far more immediate. As of 2024, 147 out of 198 countries have committed to some form of net zero target. In the UK, the national goal is to reach net zero by 2050, with some sectors and organisations aiming for as early as 2030. For many businesses, 25 years is well within strategic planning horizons, and the time to act is now.

While reducing carbon emissions presents significant challenges, it is a vital step in addressing the climate emergency. The path to net zero involves understanding various emission types, leveraging near real-time data, engaging key stakeholders, and building collaboration across supply chains. These efforts require time and coordination, but the journey begins with small, decisive actions.

By embracing sustainable practices today and adopting the tools and frameworks that support low-carbon transitions, organisations can make measurable progress. Taking action now not only accelerates the journey to net zero but also helps build a more resilient and sustainable future for all.

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